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Related Experiment Videos

The nucleolus

H G Schwarzacher1, F Wachtler

  • 1Histologisch-Embryologisches Institut, Universität Wien, Austria.

Anatomy and Embryology
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleoli are key sites for ribosome production, containing ribosomal RNA genes and proteins. Their structure, including fibrillar centers and dense/granular components, varies with cellular activity and ribosomal biosynthesis levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nucleoli are essential cellular organelles responsible for ribosome biogenesis.
  • They house ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and associated proteins, crucial for protein synthesis.
  • Understanding nucleolar structure and function is vital for comprehending cellular activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural organization of nucleoli in vertebrates.
  • To correlate nucleolar morphology with the level of ribosomal biosynthesis.
  • To investigate the localization of rRNA genes and ribosome biogenesis steps within nucleolar compartments.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological analysis of nucleoli in various cell types.
  • Correlation of nucleolar structure with cellular activity and ribosomal biosynthesis.

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  • Immunocytological and in situ hybridization techniques to localize rRNA genes and proteins.

    • Main Results:

    • Nucleoli comprise fibrillar centers (FC), dense fibrillar component (DFC), and granular component (GC).
    • Nucleolar morphology varies significantly with ribosomal biosynthesis: compact in active cells, ring-shaped in inactive cells, and reticulate in stimulated cells.
    • rDNA transcription and early ribosome biogenesis occur in the DFC, while later steps occur in the GC.

    Conclusions:

    • Nucleolar structure is dynamic and directly reflects the cell's rate of ribosome production.
    • The DFC and GC are functionally distinct compartments involved in different stages of ribosome biogenesis.
    • FCs may play a role in rDNA preparation and protein storage.