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Ribonucleic acid in the immune response

S Mitsuhashi, K Saito, S Kurashige

    Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
    |August 16, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Immune RNA (iRNA) transfers cellular immunity and induces immunologic memory in mice, enhancing antibody production after antigen re-exposure. This RNA agent can confer resistance to infections and activate B-cells, suggesting a role in immune response amplification.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Experimental salmonellosis studies demonstrated that live vaccines confer protection against virulent S. enteritidis.
    • Macrophages from immunized mice exhibit enhanced ability to inhibit intracellular bacterial growth and resist cellular damage.
    • Cellular immunity was observed, characterized by macrophages resisting bacterial invasion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the nature and function of a transfer agent of immunity (TA) discovered in the culture fluid of immunized macrophages.
    • To determine if this agent, identified as immune RNA (iRNA), can transfer cellular immunity and influence antibody production.
    • To explore the potential of iRNA in conferring immunity against various antigens, including bacteria, tumor cells, and haptens.

    Main Methods:

    • Extraction of immune RNA (iRNA) from spleen, peritoneal exudate cells, or lymph nodes of immunized animals.
    • In vitro and in vivo treatment of macrophages and lymphocytes with iRNA to assess antibody activity and cellular immunity transfer.
    • Utilizing immune adherence hemagglutination technique to detect antibody activity.
    • Employing adoptive transfer systems, athymic nude mice, and neonatally thymectomized mice to study iRNA interactions with T- and B-cells.

    Main Results:

    • iRNA demonstrated the ability to transfer cellular immunity against tumor cells and confer resistance to S. enteritidis infection.
    • Treatment with iRNA induced specific antibody-carrying cells (rosette-formers) in recipient animals, even without detectable serum antibodies.
    • Prior iRNA injection established immunologic memory, leading to a high titer of humoral antibody upon subsequent antigen stimulation.
    • iRNA could activate B-cells directly and potentially substitute for T-cell roles in immune responses against T-dependent antigens.

    Conclusions:

    • Immune RNA (iRNA) is a potent agent capable of transferring cellular immunity and inducing immunologic memory.
    • iRNA can activate B-cells and influence the immune response, suggesting a mechanism for amplifying antigenic stimulation.
    • Passive transfer of iRNA confers immunity and establishes a secondary antibody response, highlighting its potential therapeutic applications.

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