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Extinction and viruses

C Emiliani1

  • 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124.

Bio Systems
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Deep-sea microfossils reveal continuous evolutionary patterns, including sudden species appearances and gradual changes over millions of years. Mass extinctions and background extinctions, possibly viral, punctuate this evolutionary history.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Marine Geology

Background:

  • Deep-sea sediments provide a continuous micropaleontological record.
  • Abundant microfossil taxa (Coccolithophorida, Foraminifera, Radiolaria, diatoms) are well-preserved.
  • Evolutionary processes can be studied in detail using this fossil record.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze evolutionary patterns using the continuous deep-sea micropaleontological record.
  • To investigate the rates and mechanisms of species evolution and extinction.
  • To understand the role of mass and background extinctions in evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of micropaleontological assemblages from deep-sea sediments.
  • Stratigraphic correlation and dating of fossiliferous layers.
  • Identification and characterization of evolutionary transitions and extinction events.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated continuity of the deep-sea fossil record for evolutionary studies.
  • Observed sudden appearances and gradual transitions of species over geological timescales.
  • Documented mass extinctions (millions of years) and background extinctions (individual species loss).
  • Rates of evolutionary change vary across lineages and morphological characters.

Conclusions:

  • The deep-sea micropaleontological record is a robust archive for studying evolution.
  • Background extinctions, potentially viral, are hypothesized as a fundamental evolutionary mechanism.
  • Extinction events, both mass and background, are crucial for understanding macroevolutionary patterns and geological time subdivision.

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