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Genetics and high cognitive ability

R Plomin1, L A Thompson

  • 1Center for Development and Health Genetics, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.

Ciba Foundation Symposium
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
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High intelligence (IQ) appears to be as heritable as general cognitive ability in the general population. This genetic basis for high IQ is being further investigated through molecular genetics research.

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral genetics
  • Psychometrics
  • Cognitive genomics

Background:

  • Extensive research exists on the genetics of general cognitive ability (g), including lifespan heritability changes and overlap with scholastic achievement.
  • However, the genetic underpinnings of high cognitive ability remain less understood.
  • Existing heritability findings in the normal range do not automatically extend to exceptional abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heritability of high intelligence (IQ).
  • To determine if high IQ shares similar genetic origins with cognitive abilities in the general population.
  • To identify specific genes associated with high cognitive ability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel twin study technique analyzing the average differences between extreme groups (high IQ children) and the general population.

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  • Currently conducting molecular genetic studies to pinpoint specific genetic contributors.

    • Main Results:

    • The initial twin study suggests that high IQ is as heritable as cognitive differences observed within the normal range.
    • This indicates a significant genetic influence on exceptional cognitive abilities.

    Conclusions:

    • High intelligence demonstrates a substantial heritable component, comparable to that of general cognitive ability.
    • Further molecular genetic research is underway to elucidate the specific genetic architecture of high cognitive ability.