Ultrastructural changes in the cochlea of the guinea pig after fast neutron irradiation

Guinea pigs were irradiated with fast neutrons. After a single dose of 2, 6, 10, or 15 Gy was applied, scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the temporal bone was performed to assess the effect of fast neutron irradiation on the cochlea. Outer hair cell damage appeared with neutron irradiation of more than 10 Gy, and inner hair cell damage with neutron irradiation of more than 15 Gy. Outer hair cells were more severely damaged than inner hair cells. No statistically significant differences were found in damage of basal, middle, and apical turns. The second and third rows of outer hair cells were more severely damaged than the first row of outer hair cells. The most significant findings in transmission electron microscopy were clumping of chromatin and extension of the heterochromatin in the nuclei of hair cells. The cytoplasmic changes were sequestration of cytoplasm, various changes of mitochondria, formation of vacuoles, and irregularly arranged stereocilia. The morphologic change in stria vascularis was intercellular and perivascular fluid accumulation. It appeared to be a reversible process.