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Exercise, age, and skeletal muscle function

J E Graves1, M L Pollock, J F Carroll

  • 1Department of Health and Physical Education, Syracuse University, NY 13244-5040.

Southern Medical Journal
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Aging causes declines in muscle strength, mass, and psychomotor function. Resistance exercise training can improve these factors in older adults, with greater gains possible for those with lower initial fitness levels.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Musculoskeletal Health

Background:

  • Aging is associated with declines in skeletal muscle strength and mass.
  • These age-related changes reduce functional capacity and increase injury risk.
  • Psychomotor performance also tends to decrease with advancing age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of resistance exercise training on aging skeletal muscle.
  • To examine the potential for exercise to improve psychomotor performance in the elderly.
  • To discuss optimal strategies for maintaining skeletal muscle function throughout life.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on aging, muscle function, and exercise.
  • Analysis of the relationship between resistance training parameters and outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of evidence for exercise effects on psychomotor skills in older adults.

    • Main Results:

    • Resistance exercise is safe and effective for improving muscle strength and mass in older adults.
    • The degree of improvement is influenced by training intensity and baseline fitness.
    • Elderly individuals with lower initial strength show greater relative gains.
    • Evidence for exercise-induced improvements in psychomotor performance is inconclusive.

    Conclusions:

    • Resistance training is a viable intervention to counteract age-related muscle loss and weakness.
    • Lifelong, well-rounded physical activity may be the most effective strategy for maintaining skeletal muscle function.
    • Further research is needed to clarify the impact of exercise on elderly psychomotor performance.