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Blood flow changes after orthognathic surgery: maxillary and mandibular subapical osteotomy
Journal of Oral Surgery (American Dental Association : 1965)
|June 1, 1976
Summary
Subapical osteotomies significantly reduced blood flow in dental pulp, alveolar bone, and mucosa in dogs and monkeys. Dental pulp experienced the largest decrease, while mucosal tissue showed the least reduction post-surgery.
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Vascular Physiology
- Animal Research Models
Background:
- Subapical osteotomies are surgical procedures involving bone cuts in the jaw.
- Quantifying local blood flow changes after such procedures is crucial for understanding tissue viability and healing.
- Previous studies have not comprehensively assessed the impact of subapical osteotomies on blood flow in specific oral tissues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantitate local blood flow changes in the mandible and maxilla following subapical osteotomies in animal models.
- To compare blood flow alterations in alveolar bone, dental pulp, and mucosal tissues between operated and control sides.
- To evaluate the physiological responses, including cardiac output and blood pressure, after the surgical procedure.
Main Methods:
- Subapical osteotomies were performed on the left quadrants of mandibles and maxillas in dogs and monkeys.
- Local blood flow was measured using isotope fractionation (diffusible tracer) and particle distribution (nondiffusible tracer - 15µm microspheres).
- Blood flow in alveolar bone, mucosa, and dental pulp of the operated quadrant was compared to the non-operated contralateral side.
Main Results:
- Fractional decreases in blood flow were observed in operated tissues, with dental pulp showing the largest average reduction (54-82%).
- Alveolar bone blood flow decreased by an average of 48-74%, while mucosal tissue showed the least reduction (18-40%).
- In some cases, mucosal blood flow in the operated pedicle exceeded that of the control side; cardiac output and blood pressure showed transient decreases post-surgery.
Conclusions:
- Subapical osteotomies lead to significant, yet variable, reductions in local blood flow to jaw tissues, with dental pulp being most affected.
- The observed blood flow changes suggest a potential impact on tissue healing and viability that warrants further investigation.
- The physiological parameters remained within tolerable limits, indicating the surgical procedure's relative safety in these animal models.