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Individual differences in intraperson variability in mood

L A Penner1, S Shiffman, J A Paty

  • 1Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Mood variability, measured using the experience sampling method, is a stable personal characteristic. This finding suggests individual differences in how moods fluctuate over time and across situations.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Assessing mood fluctuations is crucial for understanding emotional regulation.
  • Previous methods often lacked ecological validity or real-time data capture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability and characteristics of intrasubject mood variability.
  • To determine if mood variability is a consistent personal trait.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the experience sampling method with palm-top computers for in situ mood assessments.
  • Collected 75-100 daily mood ratings on 11 items from 54 participants over 12-14 days.
  • Calculated mood variability based on response distribution for each mood item.

Main Results:

  • Mood variability demonstrated significant stability over time (average r > .58) and across situations (average r = .51).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Intercorrelations among individual mood item variabilities were substantial (average r = .41), yielding a reliable mood variability scale (alpha = .84).
  • Stability and consistency were not explained by item valence, situational differences, response biases, or errors.

    • Conclusions:

    • Mood variability is a stable, reliable personal characteristic.
    • This characteristic appears distinct from other forms of intrapersonal variability.
    • The findings support the use of experience sampling for robust mood assessment.