Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026
08:50
Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Published on: June 16, 2014
Hypertension and endstage renal disease
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612.
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|March 1, 1994
Summary
Controlling blood pressure is key to slowing kidney disease progression in hypertensive patients. While specific antihypertensive drugs
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiology
- Hypertension Research
Background:
- Hypertensive renal disease is a significant cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
- Understanding its epidemiology and pathophysiology is crucial for effective management.
- Current literature review focuses on strategies to mitigate ESRD progression in hypertensive individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on hypertensive renal disease development, epidemiology, and pathophysiology.
- To evaluate strategies for slowing or halting ESRD progression in hypertension.
- To assess the roles of blood pressure control, antihypertensive agents, early treatment, and diet.
Main Methods:
- Searched MEDLINE for epidemiologic studies, clinical trials, and reviews on hypertension and ESRD.
- Included US Renal Data System annual reports.
- Focused on English-language clinical trials evaluating blood pressure control and antihypertensive therapies.
Main Results:
- Evaluated clinical trials involving patients with essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal insufficiency.
- Recommendations considered study design and population characteristics (e.g., race, diabetic status).
- Blood pressure control emerged as the primary strategy for slowing renal insufficiency.
Conclusions:
- Blood pressure control is the most critical intervention to slow renal disease progression in hypertensive patients.
- The renal protective effects of specific antihypertensive agents remain under investigation but show promise.
- Further research is needed to clarify the role of individual antihypertensives in renal protection.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure
Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
01:29Hypertension II: Pathophysiology
Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
01:30Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
01:25Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
01:28Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
01:28Diabetic Nephropathy
Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...