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Pseudomemory in hypnotized and simulating subjects

S J Lynn1, J W Rhue, B P Myers

  • 1Psychology Department, Ohio University, Athens 45701.

The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Highly hypnotizable individuals and simulators showed similar susceptibility to pseudomemory suggestions. Hypnotizability did not significantly impact the reporting of false memories in this study.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Hypnotizability is a trait associated with altered states of consciousness and suggestibility.
  • Previous research suggests differences in memory reporting between high and low hypnotizable individuals.
  • The role of simulation in mimicking hypnotic responsiveness requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the susceptibility of highly hypnotizable subjects and low hypnotizable simulators to pseudomemory suggestions.
  • To compare the reporting of pseudomemories between these two groups under different conditions.
  • To examine the influence of instructions on distinguishing fantasy from reality on pseudomemory rates.

Main Methods:

  • Participants included high hypnotizable subjects (n=23) and low hypnotizable simulators (n=13).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Subjects received pseudomemory suggestions, including a target noise suggestion during hypnosis.
  • Pseudomemory recall was assessed after hypnosis and during a state of deep concentration.

    • Main Results:

    • Both high hypnotizable subjects and simulators were equally likely to accept the target noise suggestion during hypnosis.
    • Pseudomemory rates were comparable between groups after hypnosis and during deep concentration.
    • Contrary to some prior studies, high hypnotizable subjects did not report more unsuggested noises or novel sound pseudomemories than simulators.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypnotizability level and simulation do not appear to significantly differentiate susceptibility to pseudomemory suggestions in this context.
    • The ability to distinguish fantasy from reality, even under deep concentration, did not reduce pseudomemory rates.
    • Pseudomemory reports were influenced by subjects' perceptions of the hypnotist's expectations.