Regulation of VH-gene expression is a lineage-specific developmental marker

We have previously shown that in IgH congenic mice VH-gene family usage in neonatal spleen B cells and adult Ig-secreting cells is entirely determined by the IgH locus, while in adult resting B cells it is regulated by genetic element(s) located outside the IgH locus. Two observations reported here demonstrate that the differential expression of VH genes is an intrinsic property of the respective cell populations, determined by both the IgH locus and by a cis element(s) operating independently in the same animal. First, the study of F1 hybrids between the IgH congenic B6a and CB.20 strains demonstrates that cis elements control VH-gene family expression. Second, studies in irradiation chimeras showed that the environment in which cell differentiation proceeds is unable to overcome those controls. In chimeras of IgH congenic donors, VH-gene expression in fetal liver-derived splenic B cells and Ig-secreting cells is dictated by the IgH haplotype, while in bone marrow-derived B cells is entirely determined by the cis element(s). These results show a developmental and cell lineage-related restriction in VH-gene expression, and suggest that most adult splenic Ig-secreting cells may originate from precursors originally present in fetal liver, but which are rare among adult bone marrow precursors and CD5+ B cells.