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Foot inversion-eversion and knee kinematics during walking

M A Lafortune1, P R Cavanagh, H J Sommer

  • 1School of Human Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
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Footwear modifications minimally altered knee kinematics during walking. While tibial rotation changed slightly, the knee joint showed negligible kinematic differences, suggesting compensation at the hip.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Footwear significantly influences lower extremity biomechanics.
  • Understanding the effects of foot pronation and supination on knee joint motion is crucial for injury prevention and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the three-dimensional (3D) knee kinematics during walking with regular, pronation-inducing (valgus wedge), and supination-inducing (varus wedge) footwear.
  • To quantify kinematic changes at the tibiofemoral joint under different footwear conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Five healthy adult males walked in regular shoes, shoes with a 10-degree valgus wedge, and shoes with a 10-degree varus wedge.
  • 3D knee kinematics were captured using cine cameras and Steinmann traction pins inserted into the tibia and femur.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis focused on angular and translatory patterns during the stance phase of walking.

    • Main Results:

    • Footwear modifications induced minor kinematic changes (<1 degree angular, 2 mm translatory) at the knee during the stance phase.
    • Valgus-wedge shoes resulted in slightly greater initial tibial internal rotation compared to varus-wedge shoes.
    • No consistent differences in tibiofemoral joint internal-external rotation patterns were measured between footwear conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • In healthy lower extremities, footwear-induced changes in tibial rotation are largely compensated at the hip joint.
    • Kinematic alterations at the tibiofemoral joint due to modified footwear are minimal and difficult to detect with current motion analysis techniques.