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Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: biochemical before clinical diagnosis; early dietary management

N A Nwokoro1, B Hyde, J J Mulvihill

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261.

Insights

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, a rare metabolic disorder, was diagnosed in an infant presenting with multiple congenital anomalies. Elevated 7-dehydrocholesterol levels confirmed the diagnosis, and a high cholesterol diet showed potential for developmental improvement.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Investigating the metabolic underpinnings of congenital anomalies is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention.
  • Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a defect in cholesterol biosynthesis.

Observation:

  • A newborn girl presented with an unrecognized pattern of multiple congenital anomalies.
  • Initial investigations focused on a potential metabolic etiology for the observed anomalies.

Findings:

  • Elevated plasma 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) levels were detected at 8 months of age.
  • The clinical presentation and biochemical data led to a definitive diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome at 11 months.
  • A significant elevation in 7-DHC is a hallmark biochemical finding in SLOS.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis of SLOS enables timely management and support.
  • Dietary interventions, such as a high cholesterol diet, may positively influence developmental outcomes in SLOS patients.
  • Understanding the metabolic basis of congenital anomalies aids in developing targeted therapies.

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