An alternate respiratory pathway in Candida albicans

Usual concentrations of antimycin A, rotenone and EDTA, individually or in combination, reduced aerobic growth rate and cell yield of Candida albicans to about half its normal level and to about the levels of previously-described acetate-negative, cytochrome-complete and aa3-deficient variants which were little affected by the inhibitors. Anaerobic conditions (not affected by antimycin A) reduced growth rate and cell yield of all cultures-including that of a nonrespiring aa3, b-deficient mutant-to low, equal levels. Antimycin A but not rotenone prevented growth of the normal strain on ethanol medium. Cyanide and antimycin A blocked most of the respiration of the normal strain and cytochrome-complete variant, but did not affect that of the cytochrome aa3-deficient mutant. Rotenone and EDTA did not affect respiration of any of the cultures. SHAM blocked cyanide-and antimycin A-insensitive respiration and prolonged the lag phases of the three respiring cultures, especially in the presence of antimycin A, but alone increased oxygen-uptake rate of the cytochrome-complete cultures while curtailing that of the cytochrome aa3-deficient mutant. Resting cells, especially wild-type, grown in medium containing antimycin A exhibited lowered oxygen-uptake rate, which was increased upon the addition of cyanide or antimycin A. Antimycin A stimulated, but cyanide inhibited, respiration of cytochrome-complete cultures grown in the presence of rotenone but did not affect that of the cytochrome aa3-deficient mutant. SHAM inhibited respiration of all antimycin A- or rotenone-grown cultures. The high rate of respiration of C. albicans in the presence of inhibitors for three sites of electron transport in the conventional oxidative pathway, the inhibition of this respiration by SHAM and its loss by the absence of cytochrome b, indicate an alternate oxidative pathway in this organism which crosses the conventional one at cytochrome b.