Cardiac baroreflex dynamics during the defence reaction in freely moving rats

To determine the extent of baroreceptor reflex involvement in the cardiovascular changes observed during electrically induced defence reaction, the mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) of conscious intact or sinoaortic baroreceptor denervated (SAD) rats were continuously recorded from indwelling cannulae during a 1-min period of electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic tectum. Electrical stimulation produced stimulus intensity-dependent behaviours including freezing at lower intensities and flight at higher intensities. The cardiovascular responses in intact rats were dependent on both the intensity and duration of the stimulus. A linear increase in MBP was observed with increasing stimulus intensities. However, while a slight bradycardia was observed during the freezing behaviour, a marked tachycardia occurred during flight. Simultaneous increases of MBP and HR were seen throughout the first 15 s of the flight response, after which the HR rapidly fell to baseline levels, whereas the MBP remained at a hypertensive plateau until the end of the stimulus. The baroreflex HR curve showed a parallel shift to the left during the first half of the freezing period, being fully reset 40 s after that. So, while the baroreflex gain remained unchanged, the reflex set point was lowered during the freezing stage of the defence reaction. The experiments with SAD rats corroborated the above data. The baroreceptor denervation reversed the freezing bradycardia to tachycardia. Moreover, the denervation potentiated the flight tachycardia and prevented its later reset. MBP responses of baroreceptor denervated rats did not differ from the sham-operated group. The sustained hypertension, thus, appears to be mediated by mechanisms other than the mere baroreceptor reflex deactivation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)