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[Nosocomial infection: clinical aspects]

J Frottier1

  • 1Service des Maladies infectieuses Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris.

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Nosocomial infections, acquired during hospitalization, affect patients and staff. Prevention requires organized hospital-wide surveillance and control programs to mitigate complex causal factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hospital Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Nosocomial infections are acquired during hospitalization, impacting both patients (2-10%) and healthcare personnel.
  • These infections arise from complex interactions of multiple causal factors, including patient-specific risks and environmental influences.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, risk factors, and emerging pathogens associated with nosocomial infections.
  • To highlight the importance of surveillance and control programs in preventing hospital-acquired infections.

Summary:

  • Nosocomial infections encompass a range of hospital-acquired conditions, with urinary tract infections being the most prevalent, followed by respiratory, surgical, and bloodstream infections.
  • Risk factors include patient conditions (immunosuppression, malnutrition, age) and iatrogenic causes, while emerging pathogens like tuberculosis, HIV, and opportunistic fungi pose increasing threats, particularly to immunocompromised individuals.
  • The emergence of novel pathogens like HIV, hepatitis B and C virus, cytomegalovirus, Aspergillus, and Pneumocystis carinii is a significant concern for vulnerable populations and hospital staff.

Impact:

  • Nosocomial infections present substantial social and economic burdens.
  • Effective prevention necessitates robust, organized, hospital-wide surveillance and control programs.
  • Understanding multifactorial disease causation is crucial for targeted intervention strategies.

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