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Work-related injuries among Massachusetts children: a study based on emergency department data
D R Brooks1, L K Davis, S S Gallagher
1Occupational Health Surveillance Program, Bureau of Health Statistics, Research and Evaluation, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston 02111.
Insights
Childhood occupational injuries are a significant public health issue. This study highlights the high incidence of work-related injuries among adolescents, emphasizing the need for enhanced safety measures.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Occupational Safety
- Pediatric Injury Epidemiology
Background:
- Millions of children in the U.S. work, facing significant safety hazards despite existing laws.
- Previous research indicates a substantial number of injuries sustained by working children on the job.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the incidence and characteristics of work-related injuries among adolescents aged 14-17 years.
- To assess the contribution of occupational injuries to the overall injury burden in this age group.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from emergency departments and hospital admissions in 14 Massachusetts communities (1979-1982).
- Conducted a population-based surveillance study focusing on injuries to children and adolescents.
Main Results:
- An estimated 1,176 work-related injuries occurred over three years, representing 7-13% of all injury-related emergency department visits for 14-17 year olds.
- Cuts and lacerations were the most common injuries, with cutting/piercing as the leading cause and cutting instruments the most identified product.
- The annual occupational injury rate increased with age, from 3.7/1,000 for 14-15 year olds to 44.7/1,000 for 17 year olds.
Conclusions:
- Work-related injuries among minors constitute a significant public health problem, contributing substantially to adolescent injury incidence.
- Emergency department data is a valuable resource for tracking child occupational injuries; integrated surveillance systems are recommended.
- Preventing these injuries requires a multi-faceted approach involving employers, parents, healthcare providers, educators, regulators, and working children.
Abstract:
Millions of children in the United States work and, despite federal and state laws, face safety hazards. Previous studies have documented large numbers of injuries suffered on the job by working children. This study describes work-related injuries to children 14-17 years old in 14 Massachusetts communities (representing 5% of the state population) based on data from emergency departments and hospital admissions collected as part of a large population-based surveillance study of injuries to children and adolescents from 1979 to 1982. An estimated 1,176 work-related injuries occurred during the three-year period, accounting for 7-13% of all injury-related emergency department visits in this age group; the proportion among 17-year-olds was 14-26%. Cuts and lacerations were the most frequent type of injury, cutting/piercing was the most common cause, and cutting instruments were the most frequently identified products. Seventeen children were hospitalized for work-related injuries during the course of the study. The estimated annual rate of occupational injury rose from 3.7/1,000 children for 14- to 15-year-olds to 44.7/1000 for 17-year-olds; these rates count all resident children, regardless of their employment status, in the denominator. Rates based on actual hours worked are much higher, and strongly suggest that working minors should be considered a high-risk group for occupational injury. This study adds to the mounting evidence that work-related injuries to children are a significant public health problem and contribute significantly to the overall incidence of injuries among children 14-17 years old. The study also demonstrates the potential of emergency department data as a valuable source of information about work-related injuries to children. Active surveillance systems combining data from emergency departments, workers' compensation, and other potential sources should be established to fully document the nature and extent of the problem. Efforts to prevent these injuries will require the combined attention of employers, parents, medical providers, educators and regulators, as well as working children themselves.