Photochemically induced focal cerebral ischemia in rat: time dependent and global increase in expression of basic...

Induction of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA expression was studied in a Rose bengal induced focal cerebral ischemia during a time course of 2, 4, 24, 72 h and 7 days. Focal cerebral ischemia induced by Rose bengal resulted in a global upregulation in bFGF gene expression at the 24 h time-interval. This upregulation in bFGF gene expression was due to an upregulation in glial bFGF expression in most of the areas studied as seen by means of non-radioactive in situ hybridization in combination with immunocytochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein. However, in the piriform cortex a putative neuronal upregulation of bFGF could be detected by combination of non-radioactive in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein and nuclear staining with Neutral red. Semiquantitative data concerning bFGF mRNA expression were obtained by use of computer-assisted microdensitometry and revealed substantial increases in bFGF mRNA expression in the cingulate cortex, the neostriatum, a 1 mm marginal zone close to the external capsule and the olfactory tubercle at bregma levels 1 to 2 mm rostral to the lesion. No changes in bFGF gene expression were seen in field CA1 of Ammon's horn on the lesioned side and in dentate gyrus at bregma levels between -2.12 to -3.30 mm. We observed significant changes in bFGF upregulation in the caudate putamen, the piriform cortex and the amygdaloid region and the frontoparietal cortex at bregma levels -2.12 to -3.30 mm. These data indicate that photochemically induced focal cerebral ischemia leads to an early and global response in bFGF gene expression, which is due to an upregulation mainly in astrocytes. The observed widespread upregulation of the bFGF gene transcription rostral and caudal to the lesion is suggested to be due in part to neuronal glutaminergic connections between the areas investigated and in part due to increases in extracellular fluid signals (volume transmission).