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Bacterial meningitis in Navojo Indians

J L Coulehan, R H Michaels, K E Williams

    Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
    |September 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bacterial meningitis, particularly Haemophilus influenzae, was highly prevalent among Navajo Indians from 1968-1973, especially in infants. Case fatality rates were comparable to other populations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Bacterial meningitis poses a significant public health challenge, with varying incidence and causative agents across different populations.
    • Understanding the epidemiology of meningitis in specific demographic groups is crucial for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the incidence, causative agents, and age distribution of bacterial meningitis among Navajo Indians.
    • To compare these findings with national data and assess case fatality rates.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 219 confirmed bacterial meningitis cases in Navajo Indians over a 5-year period (1968-1973).
    • Identification of causative organisms, including Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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  • Calculation of annual incidence rates per 100,000 persons and per 1,000 live births.

    • Main Results:

    • Haemophilus influenzae (56%) was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, followed by Neisseria meningitidis (26%).
    • Annual incidence of H. influenzae and pneumococcal meningitis were significantly higher in this population compared to others.
    • A notable concentration of cases occurred within the first year of life, particularly for H. influenzae meningitis.

    Conclusions:

    • Haemophilus influenzae meningitis presented a disproportionately high burden among Navajo infants during the study period.
    • While incidence rates for H. influenzae and pneumococcal meningitis were elevated, meningococcal meningitis rates were similar to other groups.
    • Case fatality rates for bacterial meningitis were consistent with those reported in other populations.