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[Massive hemobilia caused by necrotic hemorrhagic cholecystitis. Report of a case]
The authors report a case of massive hematobilia due to hemorrhagic cholecystitis. Hematobilia is a rare pathology which affects the biliary tract and gallbladder. The first authors to describe hematobilia defined it as a hemorrhage of the gastroenteric tract due to the communication of blood vessels with the intra and extra-hepatic biliary tract and in some rare cases to the communication of the branches of the cystic artery within the gallbladder wall. Sandblom, in particular, specified that bleeding must be within the biliary tract and not secondary to an enterobiliary fistula. In 55% of cases the pathogenesis of hematobilia is traumatic, whereas in the remaining 45% the cause may be attributed to a variety of pathologies. Trauma include both non-surgical and surgical traumas; in the first group the most frequent cause is hepatic trauma, although it is worth taking into account the presence of post-traumatic arteriobiliary fistulas, lesions of arterial vessel walls with subsequent necrosis and rupture within the biliary vessels. Surgical traumas comprise lesions caused by therapeutic or diagnostic transparenchymal manoeuvres (PTC, biopsy). Non-traumatic causes include pathologies of vascular, cholecystic, inflammatory-infective and neoplastic origin. Symptoms are varied and take the form of anemia, massive bleeding with the onset of jaundice and pain in the hypochondrium and sometimes the epigastrium, whereas enterorrhagia is manifested by melena and more rarely hematemesis. The diagnosis must be made as quickly as possible; mortality increases with the delay in controlling hemorrhage. Differential diagnosis must take into account other causes of enterorrhagia, obstructive jaundice and anemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The authors report a case of massive hematobilia due to hemorrhagic cholecystitis. Hematobilia is a rare pathology which affects the biliary tract and gallbladder. The first authors to describe hematobilia defined it as a hemorrhage of the gastroenteric tract due to the communication of blood vessels with the intra and extra-hepatic biliary tract and in some rare cases to the communication of the branches of the cystic artery within the gallbladder wall. Sandblom, in particular, specified that bleeding must be within the biliary tract and not secondary to an enterobiliary fistula. In 55% of cases the pathogenesis of hematobilia is traumatic, whereas in the remaining 45% the cause may be attributed to a variety of pathologies. Trauma include both non-surgical and surgical traumas; in the first group the most frequent cause is hepatic trauma, although it is worth taking into account the presence of post-traumatic arteriobiliary fistulas, lesions of arterial vessel walls with subsequent necrosis and rupture within the biliary vessels. Surgical traumas comprise lesions caused by therapeutic or diagnostic transparenchymal manoeuvres (PTC, biopsy). Non-traumatic causes include pathologies of vascular, cholecystic, inflammatory-infective and neoplastic origin. Symptoms are varied and take the form of anemia, massive bleeding with the onset of jaundice and pain in the hypochondrium and sometimes the epigastrium, whereas enterorrhagia is manifested by melena and more rarely hematemesis. The diagnosis must be made as quickly as possible; mortality increases with the delay in controlling hemorrhage. Differential diagnosis must take into account other causes of enterorrhagia, obstructive jaundice and anemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)