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Related Experiment Videos

Categories and resemblance

L J Rips1, A Collins

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Illinois.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Category likelihood and similarity judgments diverge. Category likelihood depends on instance frequency, while similarity relies on distance to the distribution

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Concept formation
  • Categorization research

Background:

  • Concept theories often link categorization to similarity judgments.
  • Similarity-based models suggest instances similar to category members are likely members themselves.
  • Empirical evidence shows divergences between judged similarity and category likelihood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between similarity, typicality, and category likelihood.
  • To examine how frequency distributions influence these judgments.
  • To test the sufficiency of similarity-based models in categorization.

Main Methods:

  • Participants rated similarity, typicality, and category likelihood of instances along a single dimension.
  • Stimuli included unimodal and bimodal frequency distributions presented as histograms or descriptions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Instances varied in their distance from the distribution's center and their frequency.

    • Main Results:

    • Category likelihood ratings were primarily influenced by instance frequency.
    • Similarity ratings were determined by the instance's distance from the distribution's center.
    • Typicality ratings reflected the combined effects of both frequency and distance.

    Conclusions:

    • Similarity-based models of categorization are incomplete.
    • Judged similarity and category likelihood are distinct cognitive processes.
    • These findings have implications for understanding concept formation and decision-making under uncertainty.