[Disorders of the bladder sphincter. Etiopathogenic approach]

Disorders of the vesico-sphincteral system are due to multiple causes (urological, gynaecological, neurological, psycho-behavioural, iatrogenic) which may be associated. By providing information on the type and evolution of these disorders and on the circumstances in which they developed, questioning is fundamental for the diagnosis. Completed by physical examination, it must precede all exploratory methods, including urodynamic, electrophysiological and radiological examinations. It allows these examinations to be graded and, compared with the results, it gives a better understanding of the physiopathology and aetiology of micturition disorders and therefore ensures their better treatment.