Endophthalmitis caused by unusual gram-negative bacilli: three case reports and review

Endophthalmitis due to gram-negative bacilli has been associated with a high degree of vision loss. We report three cases due to the nonenteric gram-negative bacilli Moraxella nonliquefaciens, Haemophilus paraphrophilus, and multidrug-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. The features of these cases are compared with those of other reported cases of endophthalmitis due to unusual nonenteric gram-negative bacilli. Fifty-eight percent of patients had no vision in the affected eye after treatment. Early surgical intervention with vitrectomy and intravitreous antibiotics in addition to parenteral antibiotics should be included in the treatment of endophthalmitis due to gram-negative bacilli.