The initial assessment of ocular contusion injury

The initial assessment of blunt ocular trauma requires taking a thorough history, measuring visual acuity, evaluating pupils, extraocular muscles, intraocular pressure, and anterior adnexa, and examining the interior of the eye by means of biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy. More sophisticated means of examination may be necessary before treatment strategies can be determined. The most common types of injuries are contusions, abrasions, lacerations, and penetrating wounds of the eye. The most serious injuries requiring treatment are penetrating wounds, hyphemas, and retinal detachments. The initial goal of management is to provide timely recognition and treatment of the injury, and to stabilize the condition and promptly refer the patient if specialized care is necessary.