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Intracranial hypertension

A G Kabat1

  • 1College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

Optometry Clinics : the Official Publication of the Prentice Society
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
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Intracranial hypertension, a syndrome of elevated intracranial pressure, presents with various symptoms like headache and papilledema. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for preventing serious complications.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Intracranial hypertension is a syndrome, not a diagnosis, stemming from various neurological and systemic disorders.
  • It is characterized by prolonged elevated intracranial pressure, typically above 200 mm H2O.
  • Clinical manifestations include headache, papilledema, visual disturbances, and neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the syndrome of intracranial hypertension.
  • To detail its common causes, clinical signs, and diagnostic approaches.
  • To discuss current management strategies and the role of primary care optometrists.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical signs and symptoms associated with intracranial hypertension.
  • Discussion of common etiologies, including mass lesions, hydrocephalus, and venous outflow disorders.

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  • Overview of diagnostic evaluations, encompassing medical testing and ocular assessments.

    • Main Results:

    • Intracranial hypertension presents with a constellation of symptoms requiring thorough investigation.
    • Common causes include mass lesions, hydrocephalus, pseudotumor cerebri, and venous outflow abnormalities.
    • Management options range from medical therapy (diuretics, corticosteroids) to surgical interventions like CSF shunting or optic nerve sheath decompression.

    Conclusions:

    • Early recognition of intracranial hypertension signs by optometrists is vital for timely referral and management.
    • Effective management requires addressing the underlying cause of elevated intracranial pressure.
    • Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for optimal patient outcomes.