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Sensorimotor and perceptual function of muscle proprioception in microgravity
J P Roll1, K Popov, V Gurfinkel
1Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Humaine, Université de Provence, Centre de St Jérôme, Marseille, France.
Journal of Vestibular Research : Equilibrium & Orientation
|January 1, 1993
Summary
Human proprioception adapts in space. Muscle vibration studies show altered postural control and illusory sensations during microgravity, suggesting significant sensory reorganization for astronauts.
Area of Science:
- Human physiology
- Space medicine
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Proprioception, crucial for posture, is influenced by muscle, visual, vestibular, and cutaneous inputs.
- Muscle vibration can induce illusory sensations and postural responses, serving as a tool to probe sensory function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate adaptive changes in human proprioception and postural control during microgravity.
- To test the hypothesis that microgravity induces reorganization of body perception and motor control.
Main Methods:
- Ankle flexor and extensor muscle vibration applied to astronauts during orbital flight.
- Analysis of electromyography (EMG), goniometry, kinesigraphy, and joystick recordings.
- Qualitative assessment of kinesthetic sensations through astronaut commentary.
Main Results:
- Muscle receptor sensitivity remained unchanged in microgravity.
- Tonic vibration reflexes (TVR) increased in flexor muscles; whole-body postural responses to flexor vibration were suppressed.
- Postural response velocity decreased, and vibration-induced illusions became atypical, though some could be restored with artificial foot support.
Conclusions:
- Microgravity induces functional reorganization of proprioceptive information processing, impacting both perceptual and motor behaviors.
- Adaptations may stem from new propulsive foot functions and altered motor behavior in a weightless environment.