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Related Experiment Videos

Axial synergies under microgravity conditions

J Massion1, V Gurfinkel, M Lipshits

  • 1NBM-CNRS, Marseille, France.

Journal of Vestibular Research : Equilibrium & Orientation
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Human trunk movements adapt to microgravity by altering muscle activation patterns. The body regulates its center of mass, showing flexible axial synergies during spaceflight and upon return to Earth.

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Area of Science:

  • Human physiology
  • Space medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Understanding human motor control in microgravity is crucial for astronaut health and mission success.
  • Previous research indicates altered movement strategies in space, but specific adaptations in trunk control require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and compare upper trunk movements during forward and backward motions under microgravity versus preflight and postflight conditions.
  • To investigate the underlying muscle activation patterns (EMG) and kinematic strategies during these movements.

Main Methods:

  • Kinematic analysis of upper trunk, hip, and knee movements.
  • Electromyography (EMG) analysis of specific back muscles (e.g., Erector Spinae, Biceps Femoris, Soleus, Tibialis Anterior).

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  • Comparison of data collected under microgravity, preflight, and postflight conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Upper trunk movements were consistently accompanied by counteracting hip and knee movements in both microgravity and normal gravity, indicating center of mass regulation.
    • Under microgravity, early Soleus (Sol) muscle activation during backward movements was replaced by early Tibialis Anterior (TA) activation.
    • This altered EMG pattern persisted in early postflight recordings before returning to the preflight Soleus activation pattern.

    Conclusions:

    • The human body actively regulates its center of mass relative to the feet even in microgravity when feet are secured.
    • The electromyography (EMG) patterns governing axial synergies are adaptable, demonstrating flexibility.
    • Significant adaptive changes in muscle activation occur during spaceflight and upon return to Earth's gravity.