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Adverse reactions associated with aminopenicillins in Indian population

J K Grover1, D Tyagi

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|July 1, 1993
PubMed

Insights

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for ampicillin and amoxicillin were observed in 19.13% and 15.5% of patients, respectively. The intramuscular route for ampicillin showed fewer ADRs, with differing susceptibilities between sexes.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Aminopenicillins like ampicillin and amoxicillin are widely used antibiotics.
  • Understanding their adverse drug reaction (ADR) profiles is crucial for patient safety.
  • Previous studies have reported varying incidence rates of ADRs globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine and compare the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with ampicillin and amoxicillin.
  • To identify specific ADRs for each antibiotic and their frequencies.
  • To investigate factors influencing ADR incidence, such as route of administration and patient demographics.

Main Methods:

  • A study was conducted on 439 patients receiving ampicillin and 169 patients receiving amoxicillin at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
  • Incidence rates of ADRs were calculated for both drugs.
  • Specific ADRs and their percentages were recorded for each antibiotic.
  • The influence of administration route (intramuscular vs. others) and patient sex on ADRs was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Overall ADR incidence was 19.13% for ampicillin and 15.5% for amoxicillin.
  • Common ampicillin ADRs included diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and allergic reactions.
  • Common amoxicillin ADRs included coating of tongue, headache, anorexia, and epigastric distress.
  • The intramuscular route for ampicillin resulted in the lowest ADR incidence.
  • Females showed higher susceptibility to ampicillin ADRs, while males were more susceptible to amoxicillin ADRs.
  • ADR incidence in this study was lower than reported internationally.

Conclusions:

  • Ampicillin and amoxicillin exhibit distinct ADR profiles with varying incidence rates.
  • The route of administration and patient sex can influence the occurrence of ADRs.
  • The observed ADR rates for these aminopenicillins in the Indian population are relatively low compared to global data, suggesting potential regional variations or improved management.

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