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Related Concept Videos

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD,...
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...

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Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform
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Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

Published on: January 13, 2019

Air quality assessments for two recent Space Shuttle flights

M L Matney1, J F Boyd, P A Covington

  • 1KRUG Life Sciences Inc., Houston, TX.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|November 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Space Shuttle air quality remained safe for astronauts, with contaminant control procedures effectively managing volatile organic compounds and particulate matter. Minor exceptions noted, but overall, containment measures for Spacelab experiments were successful.

Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Discipline Environmental Health

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Area of Science:

  • Space environmental science
  • Astrobiology
  • Aerospace medicine

Background:

  • Space Shuttle cabin air quality is crucial for crew health and performance.
  • Chemical contaminants and particulate matter can degrade the Shuttle environment.
  • Previous studies highlighted potential risks from airborne substances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of contaminant control procedures on Space Shuttle missions.
  • To measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and analyze particulate matter in the Shuttle atmosphere.
  • To evaluate the impact of Spacelab experiments on air quality.

Main Methods:

  • Atmospheric sampling during STS-40 and STS-42 missions.
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for volatile organic compound analysis.
  • Filtration and chemical analysis of airborne particulate matter.

Main Results:

  • Air was generally toxicologically safe, with one exception due to a malfunctioning refrigerator.
  • Trace amounts of biological material (rat hair, food particles) and growth media were identified.
  • Low levels of particles from Spacelab experiments confirmed effective containment.

Conclusions:

  • Space Shuttle air quality management systems are effective in maintaining a safe environment.
  • Spacelab experiments had minimal impact on overall air quality.
  • Contaminant control procedures successfully mitigated risks to crew health and performance.