Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 28, 2026
07:32
Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
Published on: June 8, 2017
A physiological comparison of forward vs reverse wheelchair ergometry
A L Linden1, G J Holland, S F Loy
1Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge 91330.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|November 1, 1993
Summary
Reverse wheelchair ergometry (REV) is more physiologically efficient than forward wheelchair ergometry (FOR). REV requires fewer strikes per minute (SPM) and demonstrates higher net mechanical efficiency (ME) across various power outputs (PO).
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Biomechanics
- Rehabilitation Science
Background:
- Wheelchair ergometry is a common method for assessing physical capacity and training.
- Forward wheelchair ergometry (FOR) is the conventional method, but its efficiency is debated.
- Exploring alternative ergometry modes like reverse wheelchair ergometry (REV) may offer improved physiological benefits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses between FOR and REV at equivalent power outputs (PO).
- To evaluate the physiological efficiency of REV compared to FOR.
- To determine the potential of REV as an alternative for wheelchair ambulation.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-one moderately active able-bodied subjects performed 3-minute exercise stages at 15, 20, 25, and 30 W on both FOR and REV ergometers.
- Measured physiological responses included oxygen uptake (VO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), net mechanical efficiency (ME), revolutions per minute (RPM), and strikes per minute (SPM).
Main Results:
- FOR exercise elicited significantly higher VO2, VE, and HR compared to REV (P < 0.05).
- Net mechanical efficiency (ME) was significantly higher for REV than FOR across all PO levels (P < 0.05).
- Strikes per minute (SPM) were nearly halved in REV compared to FOR (P < 0.01), while RPM remained consistent.
Conclusions:
- Reverse wheelchair ergometry (REV) demonstrates superior physiological efficiency compared to forward wheelchair ergometry (FOR).
- REV requires less physical exertion (lower SPM) for equivalent power outputs.
- REV warrants further investigation as a potentially more effective method for wheelchair ambulation and exercise.
