[The effects of short and long duration of hypothyroidism on prolactin secretion in rats]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the time-dependent effect of an experimentally induced hypothyroid state on prolactin (PRL) secretion in rats. Treatment with radioactive iodine and propylthiouracil (PTU) resulted in reduced serum concentrations of total thyroxine and triiodothyronine, and increased serum TSH concentrations in rats one week after the start of the treatment. Basal serum PRL concentrations were not significantly altered in 1-, 2- and 4-week hypothyroid rats, whereas in 8-week hypothyroid rats, serum PRL concentrations were significantly reduced and remained depressed throughout 24 weeks of PTU ingestion. The PRL response to i.p. administration of haloperidol (0.5mg/kg) was significantly reduced after one week of PTU ingestion. When the duration of hypothyroidism was increased, there was a progressive fall in the PRL response to haloperidol that reached the lowest value after 12 weeks of PTU ingestion. The PRL response to an i.v. bolus injection of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 150 mu g/kg) was markedly reduced in hypothyroid rats after one week of PTU ingestion and reached the lowest value after two weeks. The PRL response to VIP was progressively recovered after treatment for 4 weeks with PTU, and reached the highest value in 24-week hypothyroid rats. However, the PRL response to VIP in 24-week hypothyroid rats was significantly lower than that in euthyroid rats. Serum PRL response to an i.v. bolus injection of beta -endorphin (450 mu g/kg) was significantly reduced in 8-week hypothyroid rats. Dopamine (DA) concentrations in the pituitary and the hypothalamus were not significantly altered in 2-week hypothyroid rats. In contrast, DA concentrations were significantly increased in both the pituitary and hypothalamus in 8- and 24-week hypothyroid rats. These findings observed in hypothyroid rats were reversed by the administration of thyroxine and triiodothyronine for 9 days. The present results support a modulatory role for thyroid status in regulating the concentration of DA in the pituitary and the hypothalamus, and consequently on PRL secretion by the pituitary. This suggests that PRL releasing factors do not appear to play a major role in PRL secretion in hypothyroid rats. These data also indicate that alterations in PRL secretion and DA concentrations in the pituitary and the hypothalamus in the hypothyroid state become more prominent as the duration of hypothyroidism increases.