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State-dependent pain in winter depression

S C Dilsaver1, V J Del Medico, A B Qamar

  • 1Clinical Research Unit, University of Texas, Harris County Psychiatric Center, Houston 77021.

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|November 1, 1993
PubMed
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State-dependent pain is a common symptom in individuals experiencing recurrent major depression during autumn and winter. Over half of the patients studied reported this pain, which resolved with seasonal mood improvement.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pain Medicine
  • Seasonal Affective Disorder

Background:

  • Recurrent major depression often exhibits seasonal patterns, particularly worsening in autumn/winter.
  • The relationship between mood disorders and physical symptoms like pain requires further investigation.
  • Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a recognized subtype of depression linked to reduced sunlight exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of state-dependent pain in patients with seasonal major depression.
  • To characterize the nature of pain experienced by these patients.
  • To explore the link between winter depression and pain symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 43 patients with recurrent autumn/winter major depression was consecutively recruited.

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  • Patients were assessed for the presence and characteristics of pain during depressive episodes.
  • Data on pain occurrence and its association with depressive state were collected.

    • Main Results:

    • State-dependent pain was reported by 22 out of 43 patients (51.2%).
    • The pain experienced was directly linked to the depressive episodes, suggesting a state-dependent nature.
    • Pain symptoms appeared to resolve spontaneously with the natural remission of depression in spring.

    Conclusions:

    • State-dependent pain is a frequent symptom accompanying winter-pattern major depression.
    • The findings highlight a significant overlap between mood disorders and pain symptomatology in a seasonal context.
    • Further research is warranted to understand the mechanisms underlying this association and its clinical implications.