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Insulin therapy in type II diabetes

V A Koivisto1

  • 1Second Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.

Diabetes Care
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Exogenous insulin therapy improves type II diabetes by compensating for reduced insulin secretion and enhancing glucose uptake. While concerns like weight gain exist, insulin is a valuable treatment option for many patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Type II diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action, leading to hyperglycemia.
  • Exogenous insulin administration can correct these metabolic deficits.
  • Concerns regarding insulin therapy include weight gain, hypoglycemia, and potential acceleration of atherosclerosis, though the latter is not substantiated in type II diabetes patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and efficacy of exogenous insulin in managing type II diabetes.
  • To discuss the benefits, concerns, and various therapeutic regimens of insulin therapy.
  • To explore the future implications of insulin use in type II diabetes management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on insulin therapy in type II diabetes.
  • Analysis of insulin's metabolic and anti-atherogenic effects.
  • Discussion of different insulin administration regimens and patient considerations.

Main Results:

  • Insulin therapy ameliorates hyperglycemia by stimulating glucose uptake and storage, reducing hepatic glucose production, and improving lipid profiles.
  • Potential adverse effects include weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, and hypoglycemia.
  • Various insulin regimens (e.g., multiple injections, premixed insulins, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) are available, with limited comparative data suggesting similar efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin therapy is a crucial option for type II diabetes, particularly when other treatments fail or endogenous secretion diminishes.
  • Individualized treatment decisions are essential, considering patient-specific factors.
  • Insulin therapy may become more prevalent in type II diabetes, especially in autoimmune forms.

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