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Regulatory volume decrease in cultured astrocytes. II. Permeability pathway to amino acids and polyols

H Pasantes-Morales1, R A Murray, R Sánchez-Olea

  • 1Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.

The American Journal of Physiology
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
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Cultured astrocytes possess a hyposmolarity-activated pathway permeable to specific amino acids and polyols, influencing regulatory volume decrease (RVD). This pathway, potentially an anion channel, affects cell volume regulation by amino acid influx.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Membrane transport

Background:

  • Astrocytes regulate cell volume via regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in response to hyposmotic stress.
  • A hyposmolarity-activated pathway influences RVD by allowing osmolyte transport across the cell membrane.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the permeability of the hyposmolarity-activated pathway to amino acids and polyols in cultured astrocytes.
  • To determine how the influx of these osmolytes affects the rate and direction of RVD.

Main Methods:

  • Examining changes in RVD rate and direction under varying extracellular osmolyte concentrations.
  • Assessing the permeability of the pathway to different classes of amino acids and polyols.
  • Utilizing chloride channel blockers to investigate the mechanism of amino acid transport.

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Main Results:

  • The pathway is permeable to neutral amino acids (beta-amino acids more than alpha-amino acids) and certain polyols (sorbitol, mannitol).
  • Amino acid influx was observed when extracellular concentrations exceeded intracellular levels, inhibiting RVD.
  • Evidence suggests amino acids permeate via an anion channel, with K+ as the accompanying cation.

Conclusions:

  • The hyposmolarity-activated pathway in astrocytes exhibits selective permeability to amino acids and polyols, impacting RVD.
  • Amino acid transport through this pathway appears to occur via an anion channel, influencing cell volume homeostasis.
  • Different polyols have varying effects on RVD, with inositol accelerating the process.