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Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Fibril-associated Collagen01:11

Fibril-associated Collagen

Fibril-associated collagens are a type of collagens present in the extracellular matrix with interrupted triple helices or FACIT (Fibril-associated collagens interrupted triple-helices). FACIT help connect and attach the collagen fibrils with each other as well as with other proteins of the extracellular matrix.
For example, the type II collagen fibrils in cartilage have covalently bound type IX fibril-associated collagens at regular intervals. Other types of fibril-associated collagens are...
Elastin is Responsible for Tissue Elasticity01:12

Elastin is Responsible for Tissue Elasticity

Elastic fiber contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. The main property of elastin is that it will return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed. Elastic fibers are prominent in elastic tissues found in skin and the elastic ligaments of the vertebral column.
Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular connective tissue, but in ligaments not all fibers are parallel. Dense regular elastic tissue contains elastin fibers and...
Layers of Connective Tissue Proper01:21

Layers of Connective Tissue Proper

Fascia, a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue, is distributed throughout the body. It demarcates and forms a supportive covering over skeletal muscles, bones, blood vessels, and organs. There are three main types of facia— superficial fascia, deep fascia, and subserous fascia. These are all present at different depths in the body. Fascia reduces the friction and permits muscles, joints, and organs to easily slide against each other, facilitating movement of the body and preventing tearing...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis
09:20

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: December 18, 2019

Cartilage: the 'F'-factor fallacy

P Atherton1, J Townley, J Glaholm

  • 1Department of Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.

Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superficial X-rays can safely treat skin lesions over cartilage, challenging the common electron beam practice. This study

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Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
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Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
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Area of Science:

  • Radiation oncology
  • Medical physics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Current practice uses electron beams for skin lesions over cartilage.
  • This is based on an assumption of similar radiation absorption to bone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of superficial X-rays for treating skin lesions overlying cartilage.
  • To challenge the established electron beam treatment protocol.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of tissue composition of cartilage.
  • Calculation of mass absorption coefficients for cartilage.
  • Comparison of absorption characteristics with bone.

Main Results:

  • Data supports that non-calcified cartilage has different radiation absorption properties than bone.
  • Calculated coefficients indicate superficial X-rays are suitable.

Conclusions:

  • Superficial X-rays offer a safe and effective alternative for treating skin lesions overlying cartilage.
  • Revising treatment protocols may improve patient outcomes and reduce unnecessary radiation exposure.