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Fatty acid patterns of human milk

H A Guthrie, M F Picciano, D Sheehe

    The Journal of Pediatrics
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Breast milk fatty acid analysis reveals increased linoleic acid (C 18:2) levels, correlating with rising vegetable oil consumption and a higher polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio in American diets. Daily variations were minimal, except for monounsaturated fatty acids (C 18:1).

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Science
    • Human Physiology
    • Dietary Analysis

    Background:

    • Human milk composition is influenced by maternal diet.
    • Previous studies established baseline fatty acid profiles in breast milk.
    • Recent dietary trends include increased vegetable oil intake and a higher P/S ratio.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the current fatty acid profile of human breast milk.
    • To identify shifts in fatty acid composition compared to historical data.
    • To correlate observed changes with dietary patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of 110 early morning breast milk samples from 26 mothers.
    • Gas chromatography to determine fatty acid content.
    • Comparison of findings with previously reported data.

    Main Results:

    • A significant increase in linoleic acid (C 18:2) was observed.
    • This shift correlates with increased vegetable oil consumption and a higher P/S ratio in the American diet.
    • Fatty acid composition showed minimal day-to-day variation, primarily for C 18:1, with no significant diurnal differences.

    Conclusions:

    • Maternal dietary changes, particularly increased vegetable oil intake, are reflected in breast milk fatty acid composition.
    • The P/S ratio in the American diet appears to influence breast milk fatty acid profiles.
    • Breast milk fatty acid patterns are relatively stable throughout the day but can show day-to-day fluctuations.

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