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The U.S. National Marrow Donor Program

H A Perkins1, J A Hansen

  • 1Irwin Memorial Blood Centers, San Francisco 94118.

The American Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Minority patients face challenges finding compatible marrow donors due to registry demographics. The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) is actively recruiting more diverse donors to improve transplant access.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunogenetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) registry contains nearly 650,000 potential unrelated marrow donors.
  • Over 1,225 marrow transplants have been performed through the NMDP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the disparity in marrow donor availability for minority patients.
  • To improve the success rate of finding HLA-identical donors for all patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of donor registry demographics (67% white, 3.8% black, 3.0% Asian, 3.9% Hispanic, 0.8% Native American).
  • Evaluation of donor search success rates in 1991 (43% found at least one HLA-A-, -B-, -DR-identical donor).
  • Assessment of international donor agreements and their impact on donor availability.

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Main Results:

  • Finding an HLA-identical donor is significantly more successful within one's own ethnic group.
  • Minority patients, particularly black patients, face disadvantages in obtaining suitable marrow donors.
  • International donor agreements, while adding 200,000 potential donors, offer limited benefit for black patients.

Conclusions:

  • The NMDP has initiated an aggressive recruitment campaign for minority donors.
  • Efforts are underway to expedite the search process and enhance identity definition.
  • Technological advancements, including DNA-based HLA-DR and HLA-DQ typing and prospective typing, are being implemented.