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Continuous peritoneal dialysis in newborns

P Zaramella1, B Andreetta, G F Zanon

  • 1First Pediatric Clinic, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Padova, Italy.

Peritoneal Dialysis International : Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
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Continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) in newborns with acute renal failure (ARF) showed promising outcomes, with most survivors regaining normal kidney function. This invasive technique improved survival rates in preterm and low birth weight infants with ARF.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Acute renal failure (ARF) is a serious condition in newborns.
  • Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) require effective treatment options for ARF.
  • Continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) is an emerging treatment modality for neonatal ARF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the complications and outcomes of newborns treated with CPD for ARF.
  • To assess the efficacy of CPD in improving renal function and survival rates in neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 10 newborns treated with CPD between 1986 and 1990.
  • Utilized a modified continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) technique with a Tenckhoff catheter.
  • Mean duration of dialytic therapy was 7 days.

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Main Results:

  • Seven out of 10 patients achieved normal serum potassium and sodium levels post-dialysis.
  • Complications included dialysate leakage in very low birth weight infants and one case of peritonitis.
  • Six infants died due to severe respiratory failure, unrelated to ARF or CPD.
  • All survivors, except one requiring a kidney transplant, regained normal renal function.

Conclusions:

  • CPD is an effective, albeit invasive, treatment for ARF in newborns.
  • The technique demonstrated improved outcomes for both preterm and low birth weight infants with ARF.
  • CPD offers a viable therapeutic option for neonatal acute renal failure.