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Orofacial manifestations in primary immunodeficiencies: common variable immunodeficiencies
1University Department of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, England.
Summary
Common Variable Immunodeficiencies (CVID) can cause orofacial issues like mouth sores, candidosis, and enamel hypoplasia in many patients. Some individuals with CVID may not exhibit these oral symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oral Medicine
- Genetics
Background:
- Common Variable Immunodeficiencies (CVID) are primary immunodeficiency disorders characterized by low immunoglobulin levels and impaired B-cell differentiation.
- Orofacial manifestations are frequently observed in patients with immunodeficiencies, impacting oral health and quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and report the spectrum of orofacial manifestations in a cohort of patients diagnosed with Common Variable Immunodeficiencies (CVID).
- To correlate the presence of specific oral lesions with the underlying immunodeficiency in CVID patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective case series analysis of 15 patients diagnosed with CVID.
- Clinical examination and documentation of orofacial findings, including oral ulcerations, candidosis, and dental anomalies.
Main Results:
- Eleven out of 15 CVID patients presented with orofacial manifestations.
- The observed oral lesions included aphthous-like ulcerations, pseudomembranous candidosis, and enamel hypoplasia.
- Four patients (26.7%) showed no discernible orofacial lesions.
Conclusions:
- Orofacial manifestations are prevalent in patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiencies (CVID), affecting a significant majority.
- Early recognition of these oral symptoms is crucial for comprehensive patient management and may serve as an indicator of underlying immune dysfunction.