Relationship between diet composition and body fatness, with adjustment for resting energy expenditure and physical...

We examined the relationship between diet composition and body fatness in 48 children (25 girls, 23 boys) aged 9-11 y. Subjects were identified for two study groups, non-obese [triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness < 85th percentile] and obese (TSF thickness > or = 85th percentile). Measures for dietary intake, physical activity, resting energy expenditure (REE), and body composition were obtained by three 24-h dietary and activity recalls; indirect calorimetry; and anthropometrics, respectively. Percentage of body fat correlated positively with intakes of total (P < 0.0001), saturated (P < 0.01), monounsaturated (P < 0.0001), and polyunsaturated (P < 0.01) fatty acids, and negatively with carbohydrate intake (P < 0.001) and total energy intake adjusted for body weight (P < 0.001). After adjustment for study group, energy intake, REE, and physical activity, the associations remained for total, saturated, and monounsaturated fatty acid and carbohydrate intakes. These data suggest that diet composition, independent of total energy intake, REE, and physical activity may contribute to childhood obesity.