Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 7, 2026
14:14
Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
Published on: December 11, 2017
15.0K
Long-term survival after mitral valve replacement in children aged <5 years: a multi-institutional study
C A Caldarone1, G Raghuveer, C B Hills
1Department of Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA. christopher-caldarone@uiowa.edu
Circulation
|September 25, 2001
Summary
Outcomes for pediatric mitral valve replacement (MVR) in young children are better than previously thought. Early mortality is predictable by diagnosis and valve size, with low late mortality, aiding treatment decisions.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Cardiac Surgery
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Outcomes for prosthetic mitral valve replacement (MVR) in children under 5 years old are not well-defined and are generally considered poor.
- This study reviews the experience of the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium from 1982 to 1999.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of prosthetic mitral valve replacement (MVR) in children younger than 5 years.
- To identify predictors of mortality and reoperation in this patient population.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective review of 176 mitral valve replacement (MVR) procedures performed on 139 patients aged <5 years.
- Median follow-up was 6.2 years with 96% completeness.
- Multivariable analysis was used to identify predictors of death.
Main Results:
- Patient survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 79%, 75%, and 74%, respectively.
- Complications included heart block (16%), endocarditis (6%), thrombosis (3%), and stroke (2%).
- Predictors of early death included complete atrioventricular canal, Shone's syndrome, and increased prosthetic valve size-to-weight ratio.
Conclusions:
- Early mortality after pediatric mitral valve replacement (MVR) can be predicted by diagnosis and the prosthetic size-to-weight ratio.
- Late mortality is low, and freedom from reoperation at 5 years is 81%.
- These findings can help guide treatment decisions between MVR and palliative strategies in young children.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
1.1K
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
1.1K
01:22Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management
1.4K
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
1.4K
01:25Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management
691
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
691
01:22Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
1.8K
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
1.8K
01:23Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests
565
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
565
01:26Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management
539
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
539