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Clinical efficacy of trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine: a case-control study

N Deivanayagam1, K Nedunchelian, S S Ahamed

  • 1Advanced Center for Clinical Epidemiological Research & Training (ACCERT), Madras Medical College, India.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
|January 1, 1993
PubMed

Insights

Trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (TOPV3) demonstrated high efficacy in preventing polio in children aged 6-35 months. Immunized children had a significantly lower risk of developing acute paralytic poliomyelitis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Poliomyelitis remains a significant public health concern, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
  • Assessing vaccine effectiveness in real-world settings is crucial for public health policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of three doses of trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (TOPV3) in children.
  • To determine the risk of poliomyelitis in immunized versus unimmunized children.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study conducted in Madras city between May 1988 and May 1989.
  • Inclusion of hospitalized acute paralytic poliomyelitis patients as cases and age/sex-matched outpatients as controls.
  • Clinical diagnosis confirmed by stool culture; Mantel-Haenszel method used for age-adjusted efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Vaccine efficacy for TOPV3 was 81% in children aged 6-35 months and 86% in the 6-23-month age group.
  • Age-adjusted vaccine efficacy was 83%.
  • Unimmunized children faced a 5-fold greater risk of developing acute paralytic poliomyelitis compared to fully immunized children.

Conclusions:

  • Trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (TOPV3) is highly effective in preventing poliomyelitis in young children.
  • Vaccination significantly reduces the risk of acute paralytic poliomyelitis, underscoring its public health importance.

Keywords:
AsiaBiologyCase Control StudiesClinical ResearchClinical TrialsData AnalysisDeveloping CountriesDiseasesIndiaNeurologic EffectsPhysiologyResearch MethodologySouthern AsiaStudiesVaccines--administraction and dosageViral Diseases--prevention and control

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