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Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis

A J Carr1, W G Cole, D M Roberton

  • 1Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
|July 1, 1993
PubMed
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This study details 22 pediatric patients with osteomyelitis-like bone lesions and associated symptoms. Most patients experienced good long-term outcomes without significant developmental issues.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Osteomyelitis is a bone infection often presenting with localized pain and inflammation.
  • Differentiating infectious osteomyelitis from other bone pathologies in children can be challenging.
  • Idiopathic bone lesions in pediatric populations require thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and outcomes of pediatric patients with multifocal bone lesions.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various treatment modalities for these bone lesions.
  • To assess the long-term prognosis and potential complications in affected children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 22 pediatric patients aged 4-14 years.

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  • Clinical evaluation including symptom onset, duration, and associated conditions.
  • Radiological assessment (X-rays, radioisotope bone scans) and bone biopsies for histopathological analysis.
  • Review of treatment responses and long-term follow-up data.
  • Main Results:

    • Patients presented with gradual onset malaise and pain at multiple bone lesion sites, mimicking osteomyelitis.
    • Radiological findings were typical of osteomyelitis; bone scans detected clinically silent lesions.
    • Bone biopsies showed osteomyelitis changes in 17/20 patients, with only one positive microbiological culture.
    • Associated conditions included polyarthritis, palmoplantar pustulosis, and psoriasis.
    • Symptomatic relief achieved with anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics; no primary immunodeficiency identified.
    • Mean bone lesion symptom duration was 2 years; joint symptoms lasted longer (mean 7 years).

    Conclusions:

    • The described condition presents radiologically as osteomyelitis but often lacks microbiological confirmation.
    • Anti-inflammatory agents appear beneficial, suggesting a non-infectious or post-infectious inflammatory component.
    • Long-term prognosis is generally favorable with minimal impact on bone growth or joint development.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying etiology of these multifocal bone lesions.