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Post-extubation atelectasis in ventilated newborn infants

J C Odita1, M Kayyali, A Ammari

  • 1Department of Radiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar.

Pediatric Radiology
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Post-extubation atelectasis (PEA) is common in neonates. Risk factors include multiple intubations, patent ductus arteriosus, and neonatal sepsis, suggesting prophylactic physiotherapy may help prevent lung collapse.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Post-extubation atelectasis (PEA) is the most frequent cause of lung collapse in neonates requiring mechanical ventilation.
  • Understanding the clinical and radiological characteristics of PEA is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical and radiological features of post-extubation atelectasis in ventilated neonates.
  • To identify risk factors associated with the development of PEA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 47 ventilated infants who developed PEA within 24 hours of extubation.
  • Comparison with a control group of ventilated infants without PEA.
  • Radiographic pattern classification of atelectasis.

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Main Results:

  • Three radiographic patterns of PEA were identified: transient unilobar, multilobar, and progressive complete lung collapse.
  • Significant associations were found between PEA and multiple intubations (P < 0.02), patent ductus arteriosus (P < 0.001), and neonatal sepsis (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • PEA presents with diverse radiographic patterns in ventilated neonates.
  • Multiple intubations, patent ductus arteriosus, and neonatal sepsis are significant risk factors for PEA.
  • Prophylactic physiotherapy is recommended for ventilated infants, especially those with identified risk factors.