Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: a case report and a review of the literature

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is characterized by osseocartilaginous submucosal nodules projecting into the lumen of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Its etiology is unknown. Most cases are asymptomatic and frequently diagnosed incidentally during intubation or endoscopy. The diagnosis is made on the basis of endoscopy, CT scan, and histopathology. Fragments of adipose tissue, deposits of calcification and ossification often with foci of bone marrow and active hemopoiesis are present in the submucosa. Surgical treatment is indicated for airway obstruction and recurrent infections.