Bilaterally recorded multiple-unit activity of the cingulate cortex during head turning conditioning with unilateral...

Cats were conditioned to turn their heads using a tone conditioned stimulus (CS) and medial forebrain bundle stimulation (MFB) unconditioned stimulus (US). The CS+ was delivered to one ear at a time, in random order, followed by the US. A tone of a different frequency was used as a CS-. The cats learned to respond differentially to the CSs showing head movements of greater acceleration to the CS+ than CS- over sessions. Bilateral recordings of cingulate cortex multiple-unit activity showed increased response amplitudes over sessions and larger responses in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the US. Since ipsilateral multiple-unit responses did not differ for the CSs, the asymmetry was probably due to the sensitizing effect of the unilateral US. Although increases in cingulate cortex neural activity coincided with increases in conditioned head movements, larger activation of the cingulate cortex ipsilateral to the US suggests that the neural changes were independent of these movements.