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Gingivitis in young and old dogs

T Berglundh1, J Lindhe

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.

Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
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Older dogs develop more severe gingivitis lesions than younger dogs. Histological analysis revealed differences in cellular infiltrate composition between age groups, indicating distinct inflammatory responses in canine periodontal disease.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Dentistry
  • Periodontology
  • Comparative Pathology

Background:

  • Gingivitis is a common inflammatory condition affecting the gums.
  • Age-related differences in disease progression and immune response are observed in various conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the development and histological characteristics of gingivitis in young versus old dogs.
  • To compare the cellular infiltrate composition of gingival lesions between age groups.

Main Methods:

  • 10 beagle dogs (5 young, 5 old) underwent dental scaling and a 6-week plaque control period.
  • Clinical examinations, microbial sampling, and gingival biopsies were performed at baseline and after 3 weeks of plaque regrowth.
  • Histological analysis of biopsies assessed lesion size, apical extension, and cellular composition.

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Main Results:

  • Histological analysis showed larger and more apically extended gingival lesions in old dogs compared to young dogs.
  • Lesions in old dogs had significantly higher numbers of plasma cells.
  • Lesions in young dogs contained significantly more macrophages, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells.

Conclusions:

  • Age significantly influences the development and histological presentation of gingivitis in dogs.
  • Older dogs exhibit distinct inflammatory cellular profiles in gingival lesions, suggesting altered immune responses with aging.