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Respiratory cancers in mining

R B Reger1, W K Morgan

  • 1Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown 26506.

Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
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Occupational lung cancer risks were identified in miners and other industries due to carcinogen exposure. Historical and epidemiological studies link substances like radon, arsenic, and asbestos to increased cancer rates.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational health
  • Environmental epidemiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Historically, high lung cancer rates observed in 19th-century Bohemian metal miners were linked to radon exposure.
  • Numerous industrial substances, including arsenic, asbestos, chromates, nickel, and chloroethers, have since been causally associated with lung cancer.
  • Understanding occupational carcinogenicity is crucial for worker safety and public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the issue of carcinogenicity among mine workers and workers in selected nonmining industries.
  • To review epidemiological studies on human occupational exposures to carcinogens.
  • To summarize the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classification of carcinogenic substances.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical observations of cancer frequencies in specific worker populations.

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  • Analysis of epidemiological studies investigating human occupational exposures.
  • Compilation and summary of IARC classifications for known carcinogens.

    • Main Results:

    • Radon exposure in metal miners was an early identified risk factor for lung cancer.
    • A range of industrial chemicals (arsenic, asbestos, chromates, nickel, chloroethers) are confirmed human lung carcinogens.
    • Epidemiological data consistently show elevated lung cancer risks in various occupational settings with carcinogen exposure.

    Conclusions:

    • Occupational exposures to specific carcinogens pose significant lung cancer risks.
    • Continued epidemiological surveillance and adherence to IARC classifications are vital for mitigating occupational cancer.
    • Worker protection measures must address identified carcinogen exposures in mining and other industries.