Purification of multiple forms of glial growth factor

Glial growth factors (GGFs) were purified from bovine pituitaries using an in vitro rat Schwann cell mitogenesis assay. In addition to an approximately 34-kDa species termed GGF-I, similar in molecular mass to a previously identified molecule (Lemke, G. E., and Brockes, J. P. (1984) J. Neuroscience 4, 75-83), two species named GGF-II and GGF-III were characterized with apparent molecular masses of approximately 59 and approximately 45 kDa, respectively. Highly purified preparations of all species share a similar dose-dependent stimulation of Schwann cell DNA synthesis at nanomolar concentrations. Forskolin synergizes with all three GGFs, shifting their dose dependence 3-8-fold into the sub-nanomolar range. The GGFs, which contain N-linked carbohydrate groups not essential for their in vitro mitogenic effects, are three distinct members of a novel family of glial cell mitogens.