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The equine herpesviruses

E N Ostlund1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 (EHV-1, EHV-4) cause distinct diseases in horses, with EHV-4 linked to respiratory issues and EHV-1 to abortions and neurological problems. Diagnosis and vaccination aid control, but immunity is incomplete.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Equine Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Equine rhinopneumonitis virus is now understood to be caused by two distinct viruses: equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4).
  • While sharing some characteristics, EHV-1 and EHV-4 exhibit different epidemiological patterns and pathogenic potentials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of EHV-1 and EHV-4.
  • To discuss diagnostic strategies and the role of vaccination in managing diseases caused by these viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of clinical presentations and isolation sources for EHV-1 and EHV-4.
  • Review of diagnostic superiority of pathogen identification over serologic methods.
  • Assessment of vaccine efficacy and limitations in controlling EHV-1 and EHV-4 infections.

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Main Results:

  • EHV-4 is predominantly associated with equine respiratory disease.
  • EHV-1 is more frequently implicated in equine abortions, neonatal foal disease, and neurological conditions.
  • Latent infections are common for both viruses, but their clinical significance remains uncertain.

Conclusions:

  • Direct pathogen identification is generally a superior diagnostic approach compared to serologic testing for EHV-1 and EHV-4.
  • Vaccination, combined with management practices, helps reduce clinical cases, but does not provide absolute protection.
  • Further research into protective immune responses is needed for improved disease prevention strategies against EHV-1 and EHV-4.